Which objects can be used in the ABAP layer to implement a top-down approach to bring code to data?

The core data services (CDS) views are key components for implementing a top-down approach to bring code to data within the ABAP layer. This approach allows developers to define data models that are directly tied to the underlying database, promoting better database performance and reducing data transfer overhead.

CDS views enable developers to create semantically rich data models by leveraging annotations and providing a more expressive way of defining complex queries. Because CDS views are defined on the database level, they enable the execution of logic closer to the data, thus optimizing performance and scalability.

Using a top-down approach means that developers can define their data access in a way that abstracts the underlying table structures and focuses instead on the business logic. This leads to cleaner code and a more maintainable architecture.

Stored procedures, calculation views, and ABAP managed database procedures also relate to handling data, but they serve different purposes. Stored procedures primarily encapsulate behavior within the database, while calculation views focus on analytical processing and may not directly integrate with ABAP's data access methodology in a top-down manner. ABAP managed database procedures allow ABAP code to be executed on the database side but are not specifically for defining abstracted views like CDS. Hence, while these options have their own relevance, CDS